{"id":4505,"date":"2015-06-04T12:51:52","date_gmt":"2015-06-04T10:51:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cannabis.es\/pw\/?p=4505"},"modified":"2020-06-08T10:58:26","modified_gmt":"2020-06-08T08:58:26","slug":"usos-terapeuticos-del-cannabis-2a-parte","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cannabis.es\/pw\/2015\/06\/04\/usos-terapeuticos-del-cannabis-2a-parte\/","title":{"rendered":"USOS TERAP\u00c9UTICOS DEL CANNABIS (2\u00aa parte)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Por Dr. Fernando Caudevilla<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Encontrar\u00e1s la primera parte de este art\u00edculo\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cannabis.es\/pw\/2015\/05\/29\/usos-terapeuticos-del-cannabis-1a-parte\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">aqu\u00ed<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3.\u2013 F\u00e1rmacos comercializados que act\u00faan sobre el SCE:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>El desarrollo de f\u00e1rmacos que act\u00faen sobre el SCE es, en el momento actual, uno de los objetivos preferentes de la industria farmac\u00e9utica. Existen decenas de f\u00e1rmacos que se est\u00e1n investigando en el tratamiento de distintas enfermedades y algunos de ellos ser\u00e1n comercializados en los pr\u00f3ximos a\u00f1os. Hasta el momento actual se han comercializado algunos f\u00e1rmacos que act\u00faan sobre el SCE:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cannabis.es\/web\/images\/marinol.jpg\" alt=\"marinol\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 El&nbsp;<strong>dronabinol<\/strong>&nbsp;(Marinol\u00a9) es la forma sint\u00e9tica del \u03949-THC, aprobado por la FDA en 1986 para el tratamiento de las<strong>&nbsp;nauseas<\/strong>&nbsp;y&nbsp;<strong>v\u00f3mitos producidos por quimioterapia<\/strong>&nbsp;y&nbsp;<strong>s\u00edndrome de anorexia-caquexia<\/strong>&nbsp;(delgadez extrema y falta de apetito) asociado a&nbsp;<strong>SIDA<\/strong>&nbsp;(7,8). Est\u00e1 comercializado en EE.UU, pero&nbsp;<strong>no en Europa<\/strong>. Es \u00fatil en el control de determinados tipos de dolor, ya que potencia el<strong>&nbsp;efecto analg\u00e9sico de los derivados de la morfina<\/strong>&nbsp;(9). Tambi\u00e9n ha demostrado efectos beneficiosos sobre ciertos s\u00edntomas (dolor, rigidez, problemas urinarios) de la<strong>&nbsp;esclerosis m\u00faltiple<\/strong>&nbsp;(10-12). Existen casos anecd\u00f3ticos sobre su posible utilidad en<strong>&nbsp;enfermedad de Alzheimer<\/strong>&nbsp;(13),&nbsp;<strong>picor por enfermedades hep\u00e1ticas<\/strong>&nbsp;(14),&nbsp;<strong>trastorno obsesivo compulsivo<\/strong>&nbsp;(15),&nbsp;<strong>dolor en cistitis cr\u00f3nica<\/strong>&nbsp;(16)\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cannabis.es\/web\/images\/cesamet.jpg\" alt=\"cesamet\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 La<strong>&nbsp;nabilona<\/strong>&nbsp;(Cesamet\u00ae) es un an\u00e1logo sint\u00e9tico del THC. Est\u00e1 comercializado en EE.UU, Canad\u00e1, M\u00e9xico y Reino Unido con las mismas indicaciones que dronabinol (<strong>nauseas producidas por quimioterapia<\/strong>&nbsp;y<strong>&nbsp;anorexia por SIDA<\/strong>) (17-21). Tambi\u00e9n existen ensayos cl\u00ednicos que demuestran su eficacia en el manejo del&nbsp;<strong>dolor en c\u00e1ncer avanzado<\/strong>&nbsp;(22-23) y algunos s\u00edntomas de la enfermedad de&nbsp;<strong>Parkinson<\/strong>&nbsp;(24) y&nbsp;<strong>esclerosis m\u00faltiple&nbsp;<\/strong>(25).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cannabis.es\/web\/images\/Acompliapills.jpg\" alt=\"Acompliapills\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 El&nbsp;<strong>rimonabant<\/strong>&nbsp;(Acomplia\u00ae) es un antagonista (\u201cneutralizador\u201d) de los receptores CB-1. El f\u00e1rmaco fue aprobado en la Uni\u00f3n Europea en el 2006 para el&nbsp;<strong>tratamiento de la obesidad<\/strong>&nbsp;en pacientes con problemas de diabetes o colesterol, contando tambi\u00e9n con estudios favorables como f\u00e1rmaco para&nbsp;<strong>ayudar a dejar de fumar<\/strong>. Sin embargo,&nbsp;<strong>en octubre de 2008 se suspendi\u00f3 su comercializaci\u00f3n<\/strong>, ante el elevado n\u00famero de efectos adversos de tipo psiqui\u00e1trico (incluyendo<strong>&nbsp;suicidios<\/strong>) registrados.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cannabis.es\/web\/images\/Sativex.jpg\" alt=\"Sativex\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 El<strong>&nbsp;spray de tetrahidrocannabinol\/canabidiol<\/strong>&nbsp;(THC\/CBD) (Sativex\u00ae) es un&nbsp;<strong>extracto de planta de cannabis<\/strong>&nbsp;cultivadas en condiciones controladas. Permite la administraci\u00f3n sublingual de cantidades fijas de los cannabinoides naturales de la planta. El f\u00e1rmaco se aprob\u00f3 inicialmente en Canad\u00e1, para el tratamiento del dolor producido por esclerosis m\u00faltiple y c\u00e1ncer. Se han llevado a cabo ensayos cl\u00ednicos con este f\u00e1rmaco para comprobar su eficacia en distintas enfermedades (<strong>n\u00e1useas y v\u00f3mitos por c\u00e1ncer<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>dolor por lesi\u00f3n en la m\u00e9dula<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>rigidez por esclerosis m\u00faltiple<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>artritis reumatoide<\/strong>\u2026) (26-29). En el momento actual est\u00e1&nbsp;<strong>aprobado en Espa\u00f1a<\/strong>&nbsp;y puede ser recetado a cargo de la Seguridad Social con visado de especialista (neur\u00f3logos y onc\u00f3logos), pero s\u00f3lo con la indicaci\u00f3n de \u201c<strong>espasticidad (rigidez) en enfermos de esclerosis m\u00faltiple que no han respondido a otros tratamientos<\/strong>\u201d. El precio del tratamiento mensual es superior a&nbsp;<strong>300 euros<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4.\u2013 Algunas consideraciones sobre el cannabis terap\u00e9utico:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oficialmente la planta del cannabis est\u00e1 fiscalizada en la mayor\u00eda de los pa\u00edses y se considera una droga ilegal t\u00f3xica y que no aporta ning\u00fan beneficio para la salud. Sin embargo existen decenas de estudios que muestran&nbsp;<strong>que una proporci\u00f3n significativa de pacientes afectados de distintas enfermedades la utilizan para el alivio de los s\u00edntomas de muchas patolog\u00edas<\/strong>. Existen datos cient\u00edficos sobre pacientes que utilizan cannabis en enfermedades y s\u00edntomas como:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Esclerosis m\u00faltiple (30-33)<br>\u2022 Enfermedad de Parkinson (34)&nbsp;<br>\u2022 Infecci\u00f3n por VIH-SIDA (35,36)<br>\u2022 Hepatitis C (37)<br>\u2022 Neuropat\u00edas (33)<br>\u2022 Dolor cr\u00f3nico (33,35,37,42)<br>\u2022 Lumbalgia (33,37,42)&nbsp;<br>\u2022 Dolor neurop\u00e1tico (34,40)<br>\u2022 Esclerosis lateral amiotr\u00f3fica (39)<br>\u2022 Anemia falciforme (40)<br>\u2022 N\u00e1useas y v\u00f3mitos por quimioterapia (37,38)<br>\u2022 Artritis (33,37,38)<br>\u2022 S\u00edndrome de Tourette (41)<br>\u2022 Dolor menstrual (37)<br>\u2022 Insomnio (33)<br>\u2022 Migra\u00f1a (34,37,38)<br>\u2022 Parestesias (33)<br>\u2022 Epilepsia (38)<br>\u2022 Glaucoma (37,38)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Los estudios anteriormente mencionados son&nbsp;<strong>encuestas<\/strong>&nbsp;que, en la mayor\u00eda de los casos, se\u00f1alan efectos beneficiosos. Pero para evaluar de forma cient\u00edfica el papel del cannabis como f\u00e1rmaco ser\u00edan necesarios&nbsp;<strong>ensayos cl\u00ednicos<\/strong>.&nbsp;<strong>Existen muy pocos estudios de este tipo<\/strong>&nbsp;con hach\u00eds o marihuana debido a las&nbsp;<strong>trabas burocr\u00e1ticas<\/strong>&nbsp;y de tipo&nbsp;<strong>moral<\/strong>&nbsp;que se ponen para la investigaci\u00f3n con ciertos psicoactivos, as\u00ed como el nulo inter\u00e9s de la industria farmac\u00e9utica en un producto al que no se puede sacar rentabilidad.&nbsp;<strong>Sin embargo, bas\u00e1ndonos en los datos de investigaci\u00f3n sobre el SCE, la farmacolog\u00eda de los cannabinoides, los estudios procedentes de f\u00e1rmacos ya patentados y otros datos cient\u00edficos, es posible asesorar a los pacientes de forma individualizada sobre el uso terap\u00e9utico de cannabis<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Algunos&nbsp;<strong>aspectos<\/strong>&nbsp;de este asesoramiento deber\u00edan incluir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022<strong>&nbsp;Patolog\u00eda a tratar<\/strong>: El&nbsp;<strong>grado de evidencia<\/strong>&nbsp;cient\u00edfica disponible sobre la eficacia y seguridad del cannabis es variable dependiendo de las distintas enfermedades. En algunas patolog\u00edas (esclerosis m\u00faltiple, dolor neurop\u00e1tico\u2026) la eficacia de los cannabinoides est\u00e1 bien establecida, mientras que en otras es menor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022&nbsp;<strong>Experiencia previa con la sustancia<\/strong>: El cannabis produce un&nbsp;<strong>estado modificado de consciencia<\/strong>&nbsp;que puede ser agradable para algunas personas pero no tanto para otras. En personas que conocen sus efectos y tienen cierta experiencia el beneficio terap\u00e9utico es m\u00e1s probable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022&nbsp;<strong>Creencias y actitudes:<\/strong>&nbsp;En cualquier tratamiento farmacol\u00f3gico es importante&nbsp;<strong>contrastar lo que el paciente sabe, cree y opina<\/strong>&nbsp;con la realidad. Los elementos sociales en torno al cannabis hacen que este aspecto sea importante. Algunas creencias sobre el cannabis no est\u00e1n respaldadas por la ciencia. Por ejemplo, que el cannabis no tiene propiedades terap\u00e9uticas por ser una droga ilegal. O que es mejor que otros f\u00e1rmacos por ser de origen natural.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022&nbsp;<strong>Alternativas terap\u00e9uticas:<\/strong>&nbsp;El hecho de que el cannabis pueda ser eficaz en determinadas patolog\u00edas&nbsp;<strong>no quiere decir que sea el mejor tratamiento<\/strong>&nbsp;en todos los casos. Seg\u00fan la patolog\u00eda y las caracter\u00edsticas del paciente, otros f\u00e1rmacos pueden estar m\u00e1s eficaces en su lugar<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022&nbsp;<strong>V\u00eda de administraci\u00f3n<\/strong>: La v\u00eda de administraci\u00f3n&nbsp;<strong>fumada<\/strong>&nbsp;es la m\u00e1s frecuente en usuarios de cannabis, pero tiene efectos negativos potenciales sobre la salud. En su lugar, el uso correcto de un&nbsp;<strong>vaporizador homologado<\/strong>&nbsp;puede conseguir concentraciones suficientes de cannabinoides evitando los efectos adversos de la combusti\u00f3n. En algunos casos, la&nbsp;<strong>v\u00eda oral<\/strong>&nbsp;(en forma de tinturas, aceites o extractos en otros veh\u00edculos) puede ser adecuada aunque esta v\u00eda tambi\u00e9n presenta sus propios inconvenientes, debidos a la variabilidad en la absorci\u00f3n y mayores posibilidades de intoxicaci\u00f3n aguda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022&nbsp;<strong>Variedad y potencia de la planta:<\/strong>&nbsp;Distintas especies de Cannabis sativa o Cannabis indica pueden contener&nbsp;<strong>cantidades muy diferentes<\/strong>&nbsp;de los distintos cannabinoides de la planta. Muchas variedades comerciales est\u00e1n seleccionadas para maximizar los efectos mentales del cannabis (con cantidades muy elevadas de THC) y pueden no ser id\u00f3neas para su uso terap\u00e9utico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022&nbsp;<strong>Efectos adversos<\/strong>: Como cualquier otro f\u00e1rmaco, el cannabis puede producir&nbsp;<strong>efectos no deseados<\/strong>&nbsp;(cuadros de hipotensi\u00f3n, ansiedad, mareo, incremento del apetito, efectos sobre la memoria\u2026) que deben ser considerados<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022&nbsp;<strong>Contraindicaciones e interacciones farmacol\u00f3gicas:<\/strong>&nbsp;Existen ciertas enfermedades o condiciones que contraindican el uso de cannabis. Embarazo, enfermedades psiqui\u00e1tricas o infecci\u00f3n por el Virus de la Hepatitis C (VHC) (51) pueden ser circunstancias que desaconsejen su uso. Algunos f\u00e1rmacos de uso habitual<strong>&nbsp;tambi\u00e9n pueden presentar efectos adversos.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022&nbsp;<strong>Aspectos legales:<\/strong>&nbsp;La venta de derivados del cannabis est\u00e1 castigada por el C\u00f3digo Penal y su tenencia en espacios p\u00fablicos destinada al consumo da lugar puede dar lugar a sanciones administrativas (multas).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Bibliograf\u00eda:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1.-Reynolds J.R. On the therapeutic uses and toxic efects of Cannabis indica Lancet 1890, 1: 637-638<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.- G\u00f3mez-Ruiz M, Hern\u00e1ndez M, De Miguel R, Ramos JA. An overview on the biochemistry of the cannabinoid system. Mol Neurobiol. 2007;36:3-14.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3.- Martin BR, Mechoulam R, Razdan RK. Discovery and characterization of endogenous cannabinoids. Life Sci. 1999;65:573-95.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.- De Petrocellis L, Cascio MG, Di Marzo V. The endocannabinoid system: a general view and latest additions. Br J Pharmacol. 2004;141:765-74.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5.- Guzman M. Cannabinoids: potential anticancer agents. Nat Rev Cancer. 2003 ;3:745-55<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>6.-Guzm\u00e1n M, Duarte MJ, Bl\u00e1zquez C, Ravina J, Rosa MC, Galve-Roperh I et al A pilot clinical study of Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme.Br J Cancer. 2006;95:197-203<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>7.-Tramer MR, Carroll D, Campbell FA, Reynolds DJ, Moore RA et al Cannabinoids for control of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting: quantitative systematic review. BMJ. 2001 ;323(7303):16-21.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>8.- Machado Rocha FC, St\u00e9fano SC, De C\u00e1ssia Haiek R, Rosa Oliveira LM, Da Silveira DXTherapeutic use of Cannabis sativa on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among cancer patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2008 ;17:431-43.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>9.- Narang S, Gibson D, Wasan AD, Ross EL, Michna E, Nedeljkovic SS, Jamison RN.Efficacy of dronabinol as an adjuvant treatment for chronic pain patients on opioid therapy J Pain. 2007; 21:343-49.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>10.-Zajicek J, Fox P, Sanders H, Wright D, Vickery J, Nunn A Cannabinoids for treatment of spasticity and other symptoms related to multiple sclerosis (CAMS study): multicentrerandomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2003; 362: 1517-1526<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>11.- Freeman RM, Adekanmi O, Waterfield MR, Waterfield AE, Wright D, Zajicek J. The effect of cannabis on urge incontinence in patients with multiple sclerosis: a multicentre, randomised placebo-controlled trial (CAMS-LUTS). IntUrogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2006:22;203-207<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>12.-Svendsen KB, Jensen TS, Bach FW. Does the cannabinoid dronabinol reduce central pain in multiple sclerosis? Randomised double blind placebo controlled crossover trial.BMJ 2004; 329: 253-260<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>13.- Ross JS, Shua-Haim JR Open-label study of dronabinol in the treatment of refractory agitation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a pilot study. Abstract, American Society of Consultant Pharmacists&#8217; 34th Annual Meeting, November 12-15, 2003.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>14.-Costiniuk CT, Mills E, Cooper CL Evaluation of oral cannabinoid-containing medications for the management of interferon and ribavirin-induced anorexia, nausea and weight loss in patients treated for chronic hepatitis C virus. Can J Gastroenterol. 2008 Apr;22(4):376-80.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>15.- Schindler F, Anghelescu I, Regen F, Jockers-Scherubl M. Improvement in refractory obsessive compulsive disorder with dronabinol. Am J Psychiatry 2008;165(4):536-7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>16.-Krenn H Daha LK Oczenski W Fitzgerald R D A case of cannabinoid rotation in a young woman with chronic cystitis J Pain Symptom Manage. 2003;25:3-4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>17.- Cunningham D, Bradley C, Forrest G, Hutcheon A, Adams L, Sneddon M et al. A randomized trial of oral nabilone and prochlorperazine compared to intravenous metoclopramide and dexamethasone in the treatment of nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy regimens containing cisplatin or cisplatin analogues. Eur J Cancer ClinOncol 1988, 24: 685\u20139.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>18.-Niiranen A, Mattson K \u00abAntiemetic efficacy of nabilone and dexamethasone: a randomized study of patients with lung cancer receiving chemotherapy\u00bb. Am J ClinOncol 1987, 10: 325\u20139<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>19.- Herman T, Einhorn L, Jones S, Nagy C, Chester A, Dean J et al (1979). \u00abSuperiority of nabilone over prochlorperazine as an antiemetic in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy\u00bb. N Engl J Med 1979, 300: 1295\u20137.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>20.- Green ST, Nathwani D, Goldberg DJ, Kennedy DH. Nabilone as effective therapy for intractable nausea and vomiting in AIDS. Br J ClinPharmacol. 1989 Oct;28(4):494-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>21.- Flynn J, HanifN.Nabilone for the management of intractable nausea and vomiting in terminally staged AIDS. J Palliat Care. 1992;46-7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>22.- Maida V. The synthetic cannabinoid nabilone improves pain and symptom management in cancer patients. J Support Oncol. 2006 Mar;6:119-24.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>23.- Maida V, Ennis M, Irani S, Corbo M, Dolzhykov M. Adjunctive nabilone in cancer pain and symptom management: a prospective observational study using propensity scoring. . J Support Oncol. 2007:119-24.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>24.-Sieradzan KA, Fox SH, Hill M, Dick JP, Crossman AR, Brotchie JM . Cannabinoids reduce levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson&#8217;s disease: a pilot study. Neurology 2001;57(:2108-2111<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>25.- Wissel J, Haydn T, Muller J, Brenneis C, Berger T, Poewe W et al. Low dose treatment with the synthetic cannabinoid Nabilone significantly reduces spasticity-related pain : A double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over trial. J Neurol. 2006 ,20;2-6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>26.- Collin C, Ambler Z, Kent R, McCalla R. Randomized controlled trial of cannabis-based medicine in spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis Eur J Neurology 2007;14:290\u2013296.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>27.- Wade DT, Makela P, Robson P, House H, Bateman C. Long-term use of a cannabis-based medicine in the treatment of spasticity and other symptoms in multiple sclerosis. MultScler. 2006 Oct;12(5):639-45.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>28.- Wade DT, Robson P, House H, Makela P, Aram J. A preliminary controlled study to determine whether whole-plant cannabis extracts can improve intractable neurogenic symptoms. Clinical Rehabilition 2003;17:18-26<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>29.- de Ridder D, ConstantinescuCS,Fowler C, Kavia R, Sarantis N.Randomised controlled study of cannabis-based medicine (Sativex\u00ae) in patients suffering from multiple sclerosis associated detrusor overactivity. 22nd Congress of the ECTRIMS, 27-30 September 2006, Madrid, Spain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>30. Page SA, Verhoef MJ, Stebbins RA, Metz LM, Levy JC. Cannabis use as described by people with multiple sclerosis. Can J Neurol Sci. 2003 ;30:201-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>31. Consroe P, Musty R, Rein J, Tillery W, Pertwee R. The perceived effects of smoked cannabis on patients with multiple sclerosis. Eur Neurol. 1997;38:44-8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>32.-Ware MA, Adams H, Guy GW .The medicinal use of cannabis in the UK: results of a nationwide survey. Int J ClinPract. 2005;59:291-5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>33.- Ogborne AC, Smart RG, Weber T, Birchmore-Timney C.Who is using cannabis as a medicine and why: an exploratory study.J Psychoactive Drugs. 2000;32:435-43.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>34.-Venderova K, Ruzicka E, Vorisek V, Visnovsky P. Survey on cannabis use in Parkinson&#8217;s disease: subjective improvement of motor symptoms. Mov Disord. 2004; 9:1102-6 .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>35.- Woolridge E, Barton S, Samuel J, Osorio J, Dougherty A, Holdcroft A. Cannabis use in HIV for pain and other medical symptoms. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2005;29:358-67.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>36.-Prentiss D, Power R, Balmas G, Tzuang G, Israelski DM et al. Patterns of marijuana use among patients with HIV\/AIDS followed in a public health care setting. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004 Jan 1;35(1):38-45.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>37.- Schnelle M, Grotenhermen F, Reif M, GorterRW.Results of a standardized survey on the medical use of cannabis products in the German-speaking area. ForschKomplementarmed. 1999;6:28-36.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>38.- Swift W, Gates P, Dillon P.Survey of Australians using cannabis for medical purposes.HarmReduct J. 2005;2:18.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>39.-Amtmann D, Weydt P, Johnson KL, Jensen MP, Carter GT. Survey of cannabis use in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Am J HospPalliat Care. 2004 Mar-Apr;21(2):95-104.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>40.- Howard J, Anie KA, Holdcroft A, Korn S, Davies SC. Cannabis use in sickle cell disease: a questionnaire study. Br J Haematol. 2005 Oct;131(1):123-8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>41,. Muller-Vahl KR, Kolbe H, Schneider U, Emrich HM. Cannabinoids: possible role in patho-physiology and therapy of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1998 Dec;98(6):502-6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>42.- Ware MA, Doyle CR, Woods R, Lynch ME, Clark AJ Cannabis use for chronic non-cancer pain: results of a prospective survey. J Acquir Immune DeficSyndr. 2004 Jan 1;35(1):38-45.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>43.-Purohit V, Rapaka R, Shurtleff D. Role of cannabinoids in the development of fatty liver (steatosis). AAPS J. 2010;12:233-7<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Tiempo de lectura:<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 8<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutos<\/span><\/span>Por Dr. Fernando Caudevilla Encontrar\u00e1s la primera parte de este art\u00edculo\u00a0aqu\u00ed. 3.\u2013 F\u00e1rmacos comercializados que act\u00faan sobre el SCE: El desarrollo de f\u00e1rmacos que act\u00faen sobre el SCE es, en el momento actual, uno de los objetivos preferentes de la industria farmac\u00e9utica. 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